The Discovery Of The New World - 1075 Words

Since the arrival of Columbus to the New World in 1492, it began a new era for the Spanish Empire. During this time Spain successfully conducted the Reconquista back home and were power hungry for more land to conquer to keep the momentum going. The early explorations would lead to bigger conquest and fortunes for the Spaniards. After the reunification of Spain with Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand, they financed the expedition for the Genoese explorer, Christopher Columbus, for trading routes to the Asian markets. Instead Columbus found new land in which he called the island Hispaniola. The discovery gave Spain to expand their empire even furthermore. Spain was capable to explore and conquer lands is because of the Reconquista of their†¦show more content†¦The Spanish Empire had permission from the Pope to Christianize the natives in the New World. One way to convert the natives into Christianity is through the usage of the encomienda system. The overall goal for the Spani sh empire was to send people to the New World and start settlements for others to continue the trip. The queen stated the need of encomienda, â€Å"associate with them, by which means they will help each other to cultivate and settle and increases the fruits of the island† (Queen Isabella, 23). The queen wanted the Spaniards and local natives to work together as a way to build a close relationship. The cooperation between the two parties would increase the chances of survivals especially for the Spaniards. Furthermore, the relationship with the natives included treating them as equal and not as inferior to the Spaniards. The only reason there was peace between the Spaniards and the natives is that the Spaniards were ordered to have a settlement and cooperating with the natives would increase their chances for survival in the unknown New World. That peace started to disappear when the Spanish Crown ordered for the settlers to start making a profit for the Empire. From that poi nt on, settlers started to exploit the natives for economic profit. That is when the Spaniards wanted to make some money for themselves and for the Crown, which lead to the conquest of the Aztecs and Incas in the near future. The actual conquest of the

The Human Of Human Cloning - 2049 Words

Human Cloning Nowadays, in the twenty-first century, advances in medical sciences are being more and more common. As people become sicker, scientist try to find the way to solve that prob-lem. There are many series of medicaments, surgeries, and machines that have been develop to satisfy the necessities of modern society. However, all these techniques and options are not enough to cure many diseases or other types of problems such as amputations, transplants, and so on. As a result, scientists try to develop human cloning. Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning, which is the reproduction of human cells and tissue, and is not in medical practice anywhere. Moreover, there are two types of human cloning. Therapeutic cloning would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants, and is an active area of research. Two common methods of therapeutic clon-ing that are being researched are somatic-cell nuclear transfer and, more recently, pluripotent stem cell induction. Reproductive cloning would involve making an entire cloned human, instead of just specific cells or tissues. Nowadays, there is a lot of controversy about the future of human cloning. Since the first living creature, Dolly the sheep, was cloned in 1996, people started to complain and also have hope about the future of human cloning and the advantages or disadvantages that it might represent. ManyShow MoreRelatedThe Human Of Human Cloning1100 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Cloning 1. INTRODUCTION Human  cloning  is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. However, this term not only refers to the entire artificial human, but also the reproduction of human cells and tissues. There are two types of theoretical human cloning: reproductive cloning which would involve making an entire cloned human and the other, therapeutic cloning, which would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants by somatic-cell nuclear transfer orRead MoreThe Human Of Human Cloning1098 Words   |  5 Pages1. INTRODUCTION Human  cloning  is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. However, this term not only refers to the entire artificial human, but also the reproduction of human cells and tissues. There are two types of theoretical human cloning: reproductive cloning which would involve making an entire cloned human and the other, therapeutic cloning, which would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants by somatic-cell nuclear transfer or pluripotent stemRead MoreThe Cloning Of Human Cloning1332 Words   |  6 PagesCloning Science today is developing at warp speed. We have the potential to do many things, which include the cloning of actual humans and animals. The question no longer seems to be if we will clone humans, but when? Somewhere, sometime, a human clone will be born. This fact has exploded the world into a global debate. Will large armies of soldiers be raised to fight our wars? Or perhaps we will create a race of slaves to do our dirty work. Cloning is becoming more credible and concrete idea ratherRead MoreThe Cloning Of Human Cloning1449 Words   |  6 Pagesto live up to 1,000 years old is alive today. However, many humans have a fear that this power of creation is fashioning an earthy trinity of man, science, and technology. Many of those who believe and fear this idea are apprehensive of various upcoming technological advances. After the first successful cloning experiment of a sheep, Dolly, scientists have looked into human cloning and the benefits it would offer humanity. Cloning of humans would give parents who are infertile the possibility to haveRead MoreThe Cloning Of Human Cloning1006 Words   |  5 PagesTwins? Or is it clones? It has been known that identical twins are natural clones. The question is, what is cloning? Cloning is the process of making a genetically identical organism through the use of a DNA sample. There are three different types of artificial cloning: gene cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Dolly, the sheep, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. There is a specific procedure that has to be followed for a clone to be madeRead MoreThe Cloning Of Human Cloning1774 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction- Cloning is defined as two organisms having identical genetic DNA and has been around since the early 1800s. When people think of the word ‘cloning’ many think of Dolly the sheep; however, the first organism to ever be cloned was a sea urchin in 1885. When scientists created Dolly, they took a cell from the mammary gland from an adult Finn Dorset sheep and an egg cell from a Scottish blackhead sheep. Dolly’s white face was the first sign that she was genetically modified because if sheRead MoreThe Cloning of Humans1398 Words   |  6 PagesYou can’t will a maxim where there is a diminishment of human dignity. Cloning humans with identical genetic makeup to act as organ donors for each other is a diminishment of human dignity. Therefore, cloning of humans is immoral. Human cloning is a practice which includes taking an egg from a human female, removing the nucleus, substituting it with the genetic material from the nucleus of another adult cell, and using electric shock or chemical bath to hoax the egg into thinking it has beenRead MoreCloning And Its Implications On Human Cloning1497 Words   |  6 PagesCloning and Its Sociobiological Implications Picture this: walking down a street and seeing someone who looks exactly like you. They do the same things as you, act the same way you do, and are exactly alike in several ways. But have people ever considered the consequences of human cloning if it becomes permitted? Human cloning might seem like something out of a science-fiction novel, but it may someday be possible with advances in science and technology. This will result in the creation of severalRead MoreHuman Cloning And Its Legality1347 Words   |  6 PagesHuman cloning is the creation of genetically identical or modified copy of a human. Human cloning is the reproduction of human cells and tissue. The possibility of human cloning has raised complications. These ethical concerns have provoked several nations to pass laws regarding human cloning and its legality. The common types of cloning is Gene cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning. Gene cloning is the process in which a gene is located and copied out of DNA extractedRead More Human Cloning Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pages Human Cloning Human Cloning comes with two dangerous processes, reproductive cloning (the creating of a new organism) and the therapeutic cloning (the creation of a new tissues or â€Å"other biological products†) which affects the ethics of human society. Scientists perceive cloning benefits all men and women, while religious leaders stress the idea of cloning to be an unethical process. Although human cloning serves as an aid to the children and parents with conflicts, cloning is completely

Persepolis Critical essay Free Essays

As a native to this strict Middle-Eastern country’, Satraps had much to discuss about the expected public behavior of women and the higher standards men were granted through gender inequality. Following the Islamic Revolution of 1 979, the new theocratic regime enforced strict moral conduct codes for females that, in effect, opposed women’s rights. Satrap’s description of her country aligns itself with the idea that women who openly spoke out and opposed the regime’s traditional values were negatively received by the government. We will write a custom essay sample on Persepolis Critical essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Women were expected to be complacent and diet, and failure to do so resulted in severe punishments, such as execution or imprisonment. When magazines published a photograph of Maria’s mother demonstrating for freedom, she quickly transformed her appearance and suppressed her rebellious personality in fear of the government’s retribution (5). This outspoken attitude was passed down to Marci who, on various accounts, was reprimanded and kicked out of schools and several residences. Aware of the potential consequences her words held, Maria’s parents went to such drastic lengths to ensure the protection of their daughter that they sent ere to Vienna where freedom of speech was right was not restricted (147). Furthermore, women were especially disemboweled because their individuality was minimized when they were forced to wear a veil in public, a theme and image that are frequently depicted through Satrap’s style of drawing. The similarity between the female characters’ images evokes the sentiment that the veil erases all sense of individuality. This obligatory accessory came to eliminate a woman’s body shape and protect women from the potential rapists who got excited by their hair. When Maria’s mother went UT in public without wearing the symbol of modesty, two’0 fundamentalist men saw it as their right to verbally attack and insult her since she was challenging the regime (74). The executives were very critical towards women who strayed from their straight and narrow path, as demonstrated when Marci was almost taken to the headquarters of the guardians of the revolution for wearing â€Å"symbols of decadence† (132-134). This radical government system was not fully welcomed by the citizens, and Satraps described it as a suffocating and oppressive state where discrimination against women was a jugular occurrence. Gender roles and the power associated with them were clearly detectable throughout the comic; men were viewed as the bread makers and intelligent leaders of society, and women were housewives. Boys were indoctrinated from a young age to become soldiers, tempted with literal keys to open the gates of heaven, and fighting on the front line to earn their entry into paradise (99). War propaganda glorified being a soldier, and it became less about fighting for a country values and more about using the military to protect territorial and financial investments. The young soldiers ere filled with a false sense of power because they were hypnotized into believing it would grant them access into an â€Å"afterlife even better than Disneyland† (101). Girls, on the other hand, were kept at home to make winter hoods for soldiers, still with the expectation of remaining complacent and quiet. Satraps also criticized government officials by calling them hypocritical in their judgment of modest appearances. Numerous restrictions were imposed on what and how women were allowed to dress, whereas men were given the freedom to â€Å"present themselves with all clothes so tight they were practically sculpted on† (297). At one point during a convocation, Marci publicly confronted the administration by questioning if â€Å"religion was defending [their] physical integrity or if it was just opposed to fashion† (297). Even more, Satraps depicts how men’s Offensive actions could be justified by the comportment of women, and how women were objectified and degraded by men. It was acceptable for a guardian of the revolution to marry and steal the virginity of a rebellious girl before her execution, as was the case with Nonlinear, the eighteen-year-old communist who was only given a dowry equivalent to five dollars (125). For a country that placed a lot of importance on modesty, the gender inequalities were far more apparent. Although Satraps shares many of her memories on controlling leaders and discrimination against women, that is not to say that there are only radical portrayals of gender in Prolepsis. Satrap’s connection to Iran is strong and loyal; she believes the â€Å"entire nation should not be judged by the wrongdoings of a few extremists† (introduction). Maria’s family and her circle of friends were very avian-garden and would make subtly oppose the government by hosting secret parties with the opposite sex, wearing makeup, ND exposing tufts of hair through the veil. Capitalism and anything relating to the Western world was banned and a cultural revolution was supported by the theocratic regime. Because of this uprising, females were expected to follow an enforced and strict conduct, and the conformity often became so familiar that an escape from the chains seemed impossible. Gender inequality is also explored throughout the comic, highlighting how men were given more freedom and power than women. Satraps portrayed men as being able to contribute to society and hold high-ranking titles, whereas the AR required women stay confined by the walls of their house. How to cite Persepolis Critical essay, Essays

28 October 1998 Essay Example For Students

28 October 1998 Essay The Effects of DNA TestingEvery day some form of DNA testing takes place. This form of testing involves only a small percentage of people around the world. However, it usually affects them in a huge way. DNA testing affects crime, the medical and science fields, and people in general. In recent years the effects of DNA testing in crime have been tremendous. Foren-sics scientists have the ability to try and match blood from one crime scene or piece of evidence to another. These tests and analysis, which are a favorite of the prosecution, are often used to link a suspect to a crime. For example, Marsha Clark of the O.J. Simpson case prosecution team described a trail of blood pointing to Simpsons guilt. DNA tests were performed and bloodstains from Simpsons Bronco matched Goldmans blood, Simpsons and Nicole Simpsons. The prosecution then nailed the defense with these results. However, the reverse is also true. When a suspects blood does not match up, then he or she is proven innocent (Childley 62 63). Considering that the odds of a sample of DNA being the same as another are about a billion to one, it is virtually impossible to fight the results (Childley 62). Since July of 1997, eighty-six hits have been made by comparing the DNA of convicted killers and rapists with DNA evidence left at the scene of the crime (Hallifax B8). Coinciden-tally, just before the Simpson verdict, DAN tests appeared to vindicate the late Dr. Sam Sheppard in the famed 1954 murder of his wife. Many people were freed after years in jail due to the innocence project pioneered by defense lawyer, Barry Scheck. DNA evidence is playing a reluctant and accelerating role in the vital numbers of the in-nocent in jail or on death row (Fugitive Justice 4). DNA testing has also been a big effector in the medical and science fields. A vi-tal gene called p53 was detected by DNA testing. If this gene is not present or damaged in any way, cancerous diseases will turn malignant. Alterations of p53 seem to be in-volved in the majority of human cancers. Another way the medical and science fields are affected is the use of gene history. The history of genes in certain individuals body can be used to precisely predict a certain genes outline in his or her offspring (Rogers 42). In addition, diseases can be diagnosed due to DNA testing. For instance, eighty percent of colon cancers involve p53. Without testing, this fact would have never been brought to the attention of researchers (Rogers 42). Finally, DNA testing affects people. The identification of people is largely af-fected by DNA testing. For example, when scientists from Oxford University took DNA swabs from a teacher and his students in Cheddar, England, he was found to be a descen-dant of a 90centuriesold caveman (Bone Vivant 114). Furthermore, DNA testing brings controversy among people. For instance, When a man had a test done to prove his daughter was really his daughter, peoples opinions began to stir. The man got the idea from a controversial billboard stating Whos the fa-ther? Call 1-800-DNA-TYPE. In Kansas City, Missouri. Its tragic that weve come to this level of immorality in our society, says the Reverend Carl Herbster of Tri-City Ministries (Bradley A5). The Justice Department was forced by the depth of a scandal to admit fault just before Timothy McVeighs trial, in which FBI processed evidence is expected to play a big role. Scandal is not new to crime labs which are said to be underfunded and unsuper-vised. For example, Forensics scientist Fred Zain was charged with sending innocent men to jail in Texas and West Virginia. Zain was said to of fabricated test data in several cases which he gave results or testified. It has been said that scientific justice, like any other kind, requires quality layering. In November of 1996 the Supreme Court approved the execution of Joseph Payne of Virginia despite towering evidence of his innocence. This evidence was so overwhelming that just prior to his scheduled death, he was par-doned by Governor George Allen, who is a capital punishment supporter (Fugitive Jus-tice 4). .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132 , .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132 .postImageUrl , .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132 , .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132:hover , .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132:visited , .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132:active { border:0!important; } .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132:active , .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132 .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uda281d27118a9eac5b79ae2555d02132:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Helping Others Rewards You EssayThus, DNA testing has many effects. Crime is affected by way of evidence and blood matching. The medical and science fields are affected through gene studies and disease diagnoses. Finally, people are affected by identity of themselves and everyday controversy. Consequently, from the courtroom to the lab to the highway, DNA testing affects our society. 28 October 1998The Effects of DNA TestingEvery day some form of DNA testing takes place. This form of testing involves only a small percentage of people around the world. However, it usually affects them in a huge way. DNA testing affects crime, the medical and science fields, and people in general. In recent years the effects of DNA testing in crime have been tremendous. Foren-sics scientists have the ability to try and match blood from one crime scene or piece of evidence to another. These tests and analysis, which are a favorite of the prosecution, are often used to link a suspect to a crime. For example, Marsha Clark of the O.J. Simpson case prosecution team described a trail of blood pointing to Simpsons guilt. DNA tests were performed and bloodstains from Simpsons Bronco matched Goldmans blood, Simpsons and Nicole Simpsons. The prosecution then nailed the defense with these results. However, the reverse is also true. When a suspects blood does not match up, then he or she is proven innocent (Childley 62 63). Considering that the odds of a sample of DNA being the same as another are about a billion to one, it is virtually impossible to fight the results (Childley 62). Since July of 1997, eighty-six hits have been made by comparing the DNA of convicted killers and rapists with DNA evidence left at the scene of the crime (Hallifax B8). Coinciden-tally, just before the Simpson verdict, DAN tests appeared to vindicate the late Dr. Sam Sheppard in the famed 1954 murder of his wife. Many people were freed after years in jail due to the innocence project pioneered by defense lawyer, Barry Scheck. DNA evidence is playing a reluctant and accelerating role in the vital numbers of the in-nocent in jail or on death row (Fugitive Justice 4). DNA testing has also been a big effector in the medical and science fields. A vi-tal gene called p53 was detected by DNA testing. If this gene is not present or damaged in any way, cancerous diseases will turn malignant. Alterations of p53 seem to be in-volved in the majority of human cancers. Another way the medical and science fields are affected is the use of gene history. The history of genes in certain individuals body can be used to precisely predict a certain genes outline in his or her offspring (Rogers 42). In addition, diseases can be diagnosed due to DNA testing. For instance, eighty percent of colon cancers involve p53. Without testing, this fact would have never been brought to the attention of researchers (Rogers 42). Finally, DNA testing affects people. The identification of people is largely af-fected by DNA testing. For example, when scientists from Oxford University took DNA swabs from a teacher and his students in Cheddar, England, he was found to be a descen-dant of a 90centuriesold caveman (Bone Vivant 114). Furthermore, DNA testing brings controversy among people. For instance, When a man had a test done to prove his daughter was really his daughter, peoples opinions began to stir. The man got the idea from a controversial billboard stating Whos the fa-ther? Call 1-800-DNA-TYPE. In Kansas City, Missouri. Its tragic that weve come to this level of immorality in our society, says the Reverend Carl Herbster of Tri-City Ministries (Bradley A5). The Justice Department was forced by the depth of a scandal to admit fault just before Timothy McVeighs trial, in which FBI processed evidence is expected to play a big role. Scandal is not new to crime labs which are said to be underfunded and unsuper-vised. For example, Forensics scientist Fred Zain was charged with sending innocent men to jail in Texas and West Virginia. Zain was said to of fabricated test data in several cases which he gave results or testified. It has been said that scientific justice, like any other kind, requires quality layering. In November of 1996 the Supreme Court approved the execution of Joseph Payne of Virginia despite towering evidence of his innocence. This evidence was so overwhelming that just prior to his scheduled death, he was par-doned by Governor George Allen, who is a capital punishment supporter (Fugitive Jus-tice 4). .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223 , .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223 .postImageUrl , .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223 , .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223:hover , .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223:visited , .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223:active { border:0!important; } .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223:active , .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223 .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u22c14fa4dca49c01b985e012f6c1c223:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: None1 EssayThus, DNA testing has many effects. Crime is affected by way of evidence and blood matching. The medical and science fields are affected through gene studies and disease diagnoses. Finally, people are affected by identity of themselves and everyday controversy. Consequently, from the courtroom to the lab to the highway, DNA testing affects our society.

Written By Machiavelli In 1513, The Prince Reads Like A Political How

Written by Machiavelli in 1513, The Prince reads like a political how to succeed manual. In this book , he instructs his reading audience on absolute rule over others. Machiavelli dedicates his book to Lorenzo de Midici, leader of the family who overthrew the government he worked for. In the sixteenth century, a prince had absolute power over his state. When Machiavelli wrote The Prince in 1513, therefore, set out to teach potential leaders how to best utilize the power at their disposal. In the Prince Machiavelli distinhguishes five ways in which men may rise from a private station to rulership of a principality.First, there are those who do so by means of exercise of their own vertue.Among the historical figures he singles out as men who manifested a superior degree of virtue are Moses,Cyrus,Romulus,and Theseus. He sites the career of Francesco Sforza as a contemporary example of the function of virtue in the acquisition and retention of principality. Second, there are those men whose rise to power was due to special favors conferred by fortune. To demonstrate the role that fortune plays in political and military affairs, Machiavelli examines Cesare Borgia's attempt to make himself duke of Romagna. Third, some become rulers by commiting criminal deeds;he discusses Agathocles of Syracuse as an ancient example and Oliverotto da Fermo as modern one. Fourth, some men come to power by the favor of their fellow citizens and establish what is often translated as a "civil p rincipality". Machiavelli analyzes this type of power in general terms but does make a few brief remarks about the career of Nabis of Sparta as a case in point. Fifth, there are those non-hereditary rulers who gain princedoms by being elevated to a religious office of high rank. Machiavelli classifies such territories as "ecclesiastical principalities" but, with obvious irony, declines to analyze them: as he explains in chapter 11, "since they are set on high and maintained by God, to discuss them would be the act of a man presumptuous and rash". In order to win honor, Machiavelli suggests that a prince must be readily willing to deceive the citizens. One way is to "...show his esteem for talent actively encouraging the able and honoring those who excel in their professions...so that they can go peaceably about their business." By encouraging citizens to excel at their professions he would also be encouraging them to "...increase the prosperity of their state." These measures would bring the prince honor and trust amongst the citizens, especially those who were in the best positions to oppose him. Machiavelli postulates that a prince must also deceive those who attempt to flatter him. In choosing wise men for his government allowing those the freedom to speak the truth to him, and then only concerning matters on which he asks their opinion, and nothing else. But he should also question them toughly and listen to what they say; then he should make up his own mind. Since each person will only advise the prince in accord to his own interests,the prince must act on his own accord. The Prince describes the means by which a leader may gain and maintain the power. Machiavelli's ideal prince is an amoral calculating tyrant capable of unifying his country under the doctrine that "the ends justify the means. "It is pointed out in Chapter 18 that:" A prince never lacks legitimate reasons to break his promises." He continues with:" But it necessary to know how to disguise this nature well and to be a great hypocrite and liar: and men are so simpleminded and so controlled by their present necessities that one who deceives will always find another who will allow himself to be deceived. Machiavelli tells us that leaders will outwardly appear to act in good faith, be charitable and to have humane values but may often times perform just the opposite for the good of the state. Machiavelli says that rulers should be truthful, keep promises, and the like when doing so will not harm the state, and that they should generally appear to have the traditional virtues. But since the goal of the ruler is to conquer and preserve the state, he should not shrink from wrongdoing when the preservation

Genomic Health Company Case Analysis Essay Example

Genomic Health Company Case Analysis Essay Example Genomic Health Company Case Analysis Essay Genomic Health Company Case Analysis Essay Genomic Health company was formed in the twelvemonth 2000 by among other peoples Randy Scott, who was one of the Key laminitiss of the company, it president and the CEO. The vision on which Genomic Health was found was to venture in new research countries in the field of biotechnology and cistron research with an purpose to do a discovery in new research findings that would enable individualized medical specialty that would turn to challenges faced in direction of chest malignant neoplastic disease. Earlier on Randy Scott, so as the co-founder of Incyte Corporation has resigned from that company after the board declined his petition to perpetrate Incyte Corporation resources in chase of individualized medical specialty research. After origin of Genomic Health Company, Randy Scott and his squad of five other people who shared same vision and were passionate about revolutionising health care began seriously researching on this field from where he had left during his clip at Incyte Corporation. After 3 old ages of research and a cost of $ 30 million, the company come up with the first of its sort Oncotype DXtm, a merchandise that would enable to find the chance of return of chest malignant neoplastic disease among patient and hence provide patients with informed picks on whether to take up chemotherapy intervention after surgery based on their cistron make-up. : The fact that Genomic Health was able to establish such a radical merchandise within a short frame of clip can be attributed to the Randy Scotts leading, squad vision, handiness of fiscal resources and the wealth of experience and cognition from the squad members. Randy Scott holding undertaken initial research in the country during his clip at Incyte Corporation meant he has overcome the initial dentition jobs that would hold been associated with the early phases of the research. After Co-founding Genomic Health with fellow research workers Joffre Baker and Steve Shark who were at the clip working at another company Genentech, that besides carried research in the countries of chest malignant neoplastic disease. Randy Scott embarked on enrolling two other research workers every bit qualified and experienced. It is this combination of this squad abilities and experience that united to do it possible for Genomic Health to come up with Oncotype DXtm, a merchandise that proved more effectual than was ab initio thought during it pilot clinical tests among instances. It provided the ability of wellness practicians for the first clip to find with a immense significance degree if breast malignant neoplastic disease return was likely to happen among patients. Besides Randy Scott has at the clip construct up and compiled a database of resource on cistron research country that was really helpful at the clip of research. But after the impressive pilot consequences of Oncotype DXtm merchandise that was really convincing, Genomic Health faced a challenge on how best to present the their diagnostic testing in the market at low monetary value, that would enable market incursion and at the same clip warrant return on the dearly-won research procedure at a sensible clip frame. In visible radiation of other viing diagnostic merchandises that were low priced and which were favored by the medical practicians, Randy Scott and the squad knew that Oncotype DXtm merchandise would turn out difficult introducing and take clip before it could be widely used. Furthermore Oncotype DXtm was a new merchandise that was unknown non merely to the medical fraternity but besides to the population at big who would be the consumers. Possibly it with this bow sight that has made Randy Scott to enroll Pat Terry to concentrate on Cancer protagonism community, but even this was non plenty to turn to these market topographic point challenges. In about the same clip the authorities Torahs that regulated and licensed the nosologies merchandises were amended to let merchandises in the market that met and provided grounds of partial tests. This in consequence aggravated constellating in market topographic point of diagnostic merchandises that were non needfully effectual but which handiness and use by the medical forces was pegged on their low cost. Other challenges that faced Genomic Health was the demand to transport out more clinical tests in order to to the full formalize the consequences and ability of Oncotype DXtm merchandise to foretell chest malignant neoplastic disease return, but clinical tests required clip and committedness of extra resources. In pricing of the Oncotype DXtm merchandise the quandary was in striking the right balance instead than hazard low pricing that would compromise return on investing, or high pricing that would close off most of the possible consumers. Another country was in reimbursement of the use of the Oncotype DXtm merchandise by the insurance companies who harmonizing to the market studies indicated would lend to 75 % of all income at Genomic Health. It was indispensable that this concern be addressed due to miss of clear guidelines on the country on what happens when the companies or the patients defaults on payment. Having looked at all the challenges that faced the launch of Oncotype DXtm it is clear that even with more studies being carried out in each country to turn to each challenge would non needfully supply unfailing grounds or complete informations of how the market topographic point will act one time Oncotype DXtm was launched nor will all the parametric quantities that dictate success or failure of the Genomic Health foremost of all time merchandise in the market topographic point, Oncotype DXtm determine if it will win or neglect. It is my belief that the lone manner forward of finding how the market will act is through the launch of Oncotype DXtm and thenceforth reference all other concerns and challenges as they come through consumer feedback, monitoring of merchandise success, rating of patients and continued betterment of the merchandise to turn to other factors that were had non been foreseen.

Problems Of Using Computers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problems Of Using Computers - Essay Example Further, employees could not adhere to complying with deadlines because the computers are running slow with the lack of memory on these systems. The current computer software is out of date and causes the problem of accessing important documents sent to them from other important clients. The IT department’s evaluation found out that the business is suffering from the lack of updates on current technology. We, as members of the IT department, therefore suggest that computer systems should be updated so employees could perform their job more efficiently and also enable an increase in the productivity of the company. This would result in substantial improvement on the financial status of the business as a whole. Problems The following problems have been noted from the current computers: (1) Lack of memory and therefore lack of storage capacity for data. The effects of this problem are as follows: (a) employees to bring personal hard drives to work to enable them to complete their daily tasks on time; (b) work is completed at a slower pace for the employees because they are spending half there day waiting for data to be uploaded. (c) most of the data on these computers is important information for the company and should not be deleted. (2) The current software on these computers is out of date. ... If new computers were purchased, new software comes installed with the computers and all the current problems would be solve associated with the current computer systems. Proposed Solution The proposed solution is to buy new computers from Dell at a cost of $1400 per computer. The new computers are faster, have greater memory, and the quoted price includes new versions of the software. In addition, the new computers have larger monitors. Dell will send automatic updates yearly to the new software if the new hardware is purchased. In addition, the old computers can be given to Friendly Elementary School in the Long Beach Unified School District. You’ve spoke n to Mr. Robert Gonzales, Principal of Friendly School, and their facilities people will come pick up the old computers. This would mean a tax write-off for Good Day Real Estate, as well as good public relations for Good Day, Inc. The new computers could arrive within 30 working days of being ordered. The Good Day IT personnel know how to install the computers. Packing of the old computers, unpacking the new computers, and installing the new computers would take four days. Methodology Purchasing these computers from Dell ensures the company up to date software every year free. This will allow employees to have plenty of memory to perform their job at more productive levels. There is enough memory on the new computers to solve the defined problems and personal devices will no longer be needed to perform daily tasks within the company.

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example This book shows that how the activities like peer coaching, discussion among colleagues, reflective learning, and experience based recollection can help in staff development, and hence, human resource development. The book helps the reader to understand that the staffs in an organization have tremendous ability and potential to learn and grow if they reflectively interact among themselves. In this journal article, the importance of Resource-Based View (R-BV) in relation to strategy and analysis methods in an organization has been explained. The core competencies of human resource in an organization are identified as critical catalysts in the process of obtaining a competitive advantage. The article explores the role of human resource development in properly utilizing the technique of R-BV in deciding organizational strategy. In the book, the authors put forward the idea that employee behavior is crucial in assessing, implementing, designing, and evaluating the human resource development programs. Further, the book focuses on the techniques of employee orientation and socialization, coaching, training, and counseling. Importance of career management and development has also been explained from the employees’ perspective. The book serves as a valuable resource for designing employee training and development programs. This book has been written to elucidate certain critical ideas in relation to training and development processes. Training programs are crucial in human resource development, and hence the trainers should be properly guided and groomed. In this book, the writer has explained the utilization of performance gap analysis, which can help the trainers to ascertain the difference between actual and potential performances of their trainees. Hence, they would be able to contribute more analytically in the human resource development process. In today’s competitive and global environment, strategic analysis, implementation, and

Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Against Gays Serving Openly in the Military Essay

Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Against Gays Serving Openly in the Military - Essay Example I think that gays should be allowed in military on the basis of certain reasons which are threat of spreading immorality, it’s being considered as an illness and violation of rule, â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell†. Homosexuality is considered immoral due to which, gays should not be allowed to join military. According to General Peter Pace, homosexuality is an immoral act and the people who are homosexual should not be allowed to serve the military of the country, as they will spread immorality (Msnbc.com 2007). The military regards homosexuals as demoralizing agents that can have a negative impact on other military men that are heterosexual. Due to the demoralizing of the armed troops, the troops will be affected negatively due to which, their performance in wars will be influenced to a great extent and this influence will be disadvantageous for the country (Shawver, 1994). Biblically, homosexuality is considered immoral and a sign of corruption due to which, homosexuals should not be allowed in the military. The military life is hard and people have to keep themselves in order and disciplined. The military people are prepared to fight for the country and they should not have any immoral atti tude towards life. Homosexuality is considered an illness due to which, gays should be restricted to join army. US Department of Defense categorizes homosexuality as a â€Å"mental disorder† (Bernard, 2006). Homosexuality was previously considered a mental illness as it was enlisted in the mental illnesses list. Afterwards, it was removed from the list but then, the homosexuals were asked to do not expose themselves publically or they would be expelled from their jobs (Shawver, 1994). When a check is made on the exposition of homosexual orientation in terms of joining army, then it is quite clear that still, homosexuality is regarded as an

Present and future of glaxosmithkline pakistan

Present and future of glaxosmithkline pakistan We have a challenging and inspiring mission: to improve the quality of human life by enabling people to do more, feel better and live longer. This mission gives us the purpose to develop innovative medicines and products that help millions of people around the world. We are one of the few pharmaceutical companies researching both medicines and vaccines for the World Health Organizations three priority diseases HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, and are very proud to have developed some of the leading global medicines in these fields. Headquartered in the UK and with operations based in the US, we are one of the industry leaders, with an estimated seven per cent of the worlds pharmaceutical market. But being a leader brings responsibility. This means that we care about the impact that we have on the people and places touched by our mission to improve health around the world. It also means that we must help developing countries where debilitating disease affects millions of people and access to life-changing medicines and vaccines is a problem. To meet this challenge, we are committed to providing discounted medicines where they are needed the most. As a company with a firm foundation in science, we have a flair for research and a track record of turning that research into powerful, marketable drugs. Every hour we spend more than  £300,000 (US$562,000) to find new medicines. We produce medicines that treat major disease areas such as asthma, virus control, infections, mental health, diabetes and digestive conditions. In addition, we are a leader in the important area of vaccines and are developing new treatments for cancer. KEY FACTS ABOUT GSK Every second We distribute more than 35 doses of vaccine Every minute More than 1,100 prescriptions are written for GSK products Every hour We spend more than  £300,000 (US$562,000) to find new medicines Every day More than 200 million people around the world use a GSK brand toothbrush or toothpaste Every year Our factories produce 9 billion Tums tablets, 6 billion Panadol tablets and 600 million tubes of toothpaste PAKISTAN OVERVIEW GlaxoSmithKline Pakistan Limited was created on January 1st 2002 through the merger of SmithKline and French of Pakistan Limited, Beecham Pakistan (Private) Limited and Glaxo Wellcome (Pakistan) Limited- standing today as the largest pharmaceutical company in Pakistan As a leading international pharmaceutical company we make a real difference to global healthcare and specifically to the developing world. We believe this is both an ethical imperative and key to business success. Companies that respond sensitively and with commitment by changing their business practices to address such challenges will be the leaders of the future. GSK Pakistan operates mainly in two industry segments: Pharmaceuticals (prescription drugs and vaccines) and consumer healthcare (over-the-counter- medicines, oral care and nutritional care). GSK leads the industry in value, volume and prescription market shares. We are proud of our consistency and stability in sales, profits and growth. Some of our key brands include Augmentin, Panadol, Seretide, Betnovate, Zantac and Calpol in medicine and renowned consumer healthcare brands include Horlicks, Aquafresh, Macleans and ENO. In addition, GSK is deeply involved with our communities and undertake various Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives including working with the National Commission for Human Development (NCHD) for whom we were one of the largest corporate donors. We consider it our responsibility to nurture the environment we operate in and persevere to extend our support to our community in every possible way. GSK participates in year round charitable activities which include organizing medical camps, supporting welfare organizations and donating to/sponsoring various developmental concerns and hospitals. Furthermore, GSK maintains strong partnerships with non-government organizations such as Concern for Children, which is also extremely involved in the design, implementation and replication of models for the sustainable development of children with specific emphasis on primary healthcare and education. GSK PAKISTAN UK (HQ) CEO M. SALMAN TECHNICAL DIRECTOR DR. MUZAFFAR IQBAL DIRECTOR MEDICAL SERVICES DR. ATIF MIRZA DIRECTOR MARKETING AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENTMS. ERUM DIRECTOR FINANCE, IT, AND LOGISTICS DR. JAWED HEAD OF HR AND OD MS. FARIHA DIRECTOR SALES MR. PERVAIZ, MR. MAQBOOL DIRECTOR LEGAL AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS MR. SHAHID MUSTAFA QURESHI HEAD OF QUALITY MR. Z.U KHAN HEAD OF PROCUREMENT MR. HAJI MUHAMMAD HANIF DOTTED LINE REPORTING: Quality Assurance, procurement and HR reports to technical director Muzaffar Iqbal. SOLID LINE REPORTING: Quality Assurance, procurement and HR reports to UK. MERGER AND ACQUISITIONS OF GLAXO COMPANY: In 1957 Glaxo started working in Pakistan.than in 1996 glaxo merged with Wellcome and became GlaxoWellcome.in year 2002 Wellcome acquired SmithKline French and beecham and company became GlaxoSmithKline.2 months back GSK has acquired the branded generics business of Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS) in Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Libya and Yemen and also acquired Sirtris pharmaceuticals. PRODUCTS Leading products: à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Augmentin  Ã‚     Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Amoxil à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Panadol   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Ventolin à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Ampiclox   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Betnovate à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Calpol  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Zantac à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Septran Vaccines include: à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Engerix  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Typherix à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Infanrix  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Mencevax à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Fluarix  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Havrix à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Varilrix  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Hiberix à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Tritanrix  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ ¦ Priorix Tooth pastes include: Mcleans Sensodyne STAKEHOLDERS OF GSK: A stakeholder is best defined as a person, group or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organizations actions, objectives, and policies The major stakeholders include: Employees Communities Shareholders Investors Government Suppliers Labor Unions Government regulatory Agencies Industry Trade Groups NGOs Prospective employees Prospective customers Local communities Public (Community) Competitors The relationship they have with a wide range of other organizations is an important part of their business. GSK has a number of policies and initiatives that enable us to work effectively with these stakeholders. STAKEHOLDER CONFLICTS: GSK do not face conflicts with stakeholder but there are two operating units where conflicts usually arises they are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Commercial unit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Global manufacturing and supply Commercial unit includes sales and marketing whereas global manufacturing and supply includes engineering department and quality assurance. Sales department frequently demands more supply from the manufacturing department which is main problem between the two heads because often the demand is much higher while the employees are less. So at that time often the conflicts occur. Commercial unit is the one who directly faces the customers both the departments have to report separate heads. EVALUATION OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: At GSK employee performance is evaluated at the end of the year. They develop a plan known as performance and development plan (PDP) in which each employee sets two objectives: Hard core objectives Soft core objectives Hard core objectives are the targets that the employee has to achieve till the end of the year. Soft core objectives are based on the 12 high performance behaviors. Outstanding achievements of employees in any of 12 High Performance Behaviors underpin the continual success as individuals and collectively as an organization.   High Performance Behaviors Information Search Creating Business Solutions Flexible Thinking Influence Building Confidence Communication Building Relationships Teamwork Developing People Enable Drive Change Continuous Improvement Customer Focus GSK Spirit provides employees with an opportunity to recognize or be recognized for outstanding achievement where Top Achievers can receive significant monetary awards for both individual and team achievements. For each role, in addition to relevant experience and qualifications, GSKA is looking for employees that can demonstrate the attributes of our High Performance Behaviors. Innovative Thinking Information search Creating business solutions Flexible thinking Collectively describes how to collect and share relevant information which helps GSK people to form new ideas and create innovative options whilst taking into account the complexity of the context in which we operate. It maximizes the chances of creating and sustaining increased performance for GSK. Achieving Excellence Enable and drive change Continuous improvement Customer focus Describes the ways in which continuously improved performance by keeping focused on ways of achieving GSKs goals and delighting the customers. This ability to deliver performance levels beyond expectations distinguishes us from competitors. Leading People Influence Building confidence Communication Describes how engaging and inspiring others to embrace the ideas by communicating effectively. It results in generation of shared and collective belief in GSKs future success. Engaging and developing others Building relationships Team work Developing people   Describes ways in which GSK can develop open, trusting and collaborative relationships with a diverse mix of people both across and outside GSK, and ensure that these relationships develop collective capability to perform better. Through engaging each other and truly working together we will grow and enrich GSKs potential. After developing the objectives each employee discusses it with the manager and after agreeing the plan is signed by the manager and the employee. Midyear review of the plan is also done to check whether the plan is going on the track. EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION: Rewards Recognition GSKs remuneration and reward programs are competitive with some of the best companies within and across our industry. Superior performance is recognized with both financial and non-financial rewards. Thanking people for a job well done is central to GSKs culture. Performance and reward GSK reward systems support high performance and help to attract and retain the best people. Performance-based pay and bonuses, share rewards and share options align employee interests with business targets. Compensation Benefits GSKA adopts a Total Compensation and Benefits approach in the design of its salary packaging model. This aim to provide: Optimum flexibility Choice; and Targeted incentive programs to provide us with the best opportunity to attract and retaining world class employees.   Bonus Plans are an integral component of the GlaxoSmithKline Total Compensation and Benefits Philosophy. A Long Term Incentive Scheme is offered to Senior Managers.   Employees are able to participate in the GlaxoSmithKline Australia Employee Share Plan on reaching the eligibility criteria. Employee Assistance Program GSK values the well being of its employees and, as a result, has made available an Employee Assistance Program to enhance well being, both personally and in the workplace. The Employee Assistance Program provides professional assistance and counseling for any work related or personal problems. The service is fully confidential and free of charge to employees and their immediate families.   Professional Development GSK recognizes that our people determine the success of the business and we are committed to developing this precious resource. Whatever your role, you will be supported through our Performance Development Planning process in your efforts to enhance your core capability, performance and ability. You will be assisted to achieve both your short and long term career goals through GSKA talent management initiatives. Training Development In order to reinforce the Performance Development Planning process GSK offers employees the opportunity to participate in a range of external and internal development courses as well as offering support for further Tertiary Education. Leadership Development Program   GSK Leaders set the tone for employees experience of GSK as being a place where they are truly valued. GSKA Leaders ensure the organizations business strategy and people practices are aligned with the GSK Mission, Strategic Intent and Spirit. This is achieved through the consistent application of our 12 High Performance Behaviors. Furthermore, a suite of high performance leadership development programs, including Foundations of Leadership has been developed to support all people management roles at GSK and will be linked to the recruitment and succession planning of future leaders. Talent Review The Talent Review process is a component of the GSK Performance Development Planning Program. It is one of GSKs Talent Management initiatives and consists of a series of workshops where GSK Leaders come together as a team to review and discuss their employees performance, development and career aspirations. CHALLENGES FACED BY GSK: The environment in which the Consumer Healthcare business operates has become ever more challenging: consumers are demanding better quality, better value and improved performance retailers have consolidated and globalised which has strengthened their negotiation power Cycle times for innovation have reduced. The pharmaceutical industry is experiencing a time of unprecedented challenge. Patent expiries, regulatory issues and increased pressures from healthcare providers have combined to create an environment where pharmaceutical sector is associated with lower growth and higher risk. KEY CHALLENGES The patents on many medicines that have driven sales growth in our industry over the past decade are coming to an end. These medicines may not be replaced by products of equivalent financial size. In addition, there are increasing pressures on pharmaceutical companies to deliver products with demonstrable benefits over current treatments. No longer do we merely have to discover and develop products that help people do more, feel better and live longer. We now have to justify that our products represent the greatest value for healthcare providers. At the same time, the pharmaceutical sector has been exposed to controversy regarding ethical and patient safety issues. As an industry, we are in danger of eroding what trust we already have when we actually need to be building stronger relationships with governments, regulators and the general public. These factors have combined to move the industry from one which was expected to deliver high growth at low risk, to the very opposite. These challenges are being tackled through three key strategic priorities that will transform GSK into a company that delivers more growth, less risk and an improved financial performance. Three strategic priorities In 2008, the following three strategic priorities were established: Grow a diversified global business Deliver more products of value Simplify the operating model These priorities will enable the organization to navigate the coming years successfully and retain the leading-edge position as a company able to meet patients and healthcare providers needs into the future. GROW A DIVERSIFIED GLOBAL BUSINESS GSK is reducing risk by broadening and balancing the portfolio, diversifying into new product areas that show potential, while also fully capturing opportunities for products across all geographic boundaries. Specifically, to generate future sales growth by strengthening core pharmaceuticals business and supplementing it with increased investment in growth areas such as vaccines, biopharmaceuticals and consumer healthcare. GSK is also seeking to unlock the geographic potential of the businesses, particularly in emerging markets and Japan. PLANS Drive growth in the pharmaceutical business in the core markets Deliver ambitious vaccines forecast Fulfill the potential of emerging markets Expand business Grow the Consumer Healthcare business DELIVER MORE PRODUCTS OF VALUE We are striving to build one of the strongest pipelines in the industry. We are transforming RD to ensure that we not only deliver the current pipeline but are also able to sustain a flow of new products for years to come. As we move towards a more diversified business we will concentrate on developing a higher volume of mid-size products for more clearly-defined patient populations. This will help develop a lower risk portfolio which is not dependent on the performance of one or two large products. Positive steps have already been taken, with 30 late-stage assets currently in our pharmaceuticals and vaccines pipeline. Our objective is to sustain this throughput of products over the long-term. PLANS Focus on the best science Diversify through externalization Re-personalize RD Focus on return on investment SIMPLIFY THE OPERATING MODEL GSK is a complex organization. We recognize that we need to simplify our operating model further, changing the way we work, removing unnecessary processes and structures which slow us down and distract us from our mission. Our global restructuring programme is a vital catalyst of our strategy. We believe it will radically change our business model giving us the capability to support a more diverse, growing business that is also expected to be more profitable in the long-term. PLANS Evolve the commercial model Re-shape manufacturing Streamline processes Reduce working capital For GSK brand pull is already present in the market as it is the #1 pharmaceutical company in the world. It is a most preferred company in terms of prescription by doctors and more than 1,100 prescriptions are written for GSK products every minute.GSK is preferred by doctors only because of their quality standards. GSK has a good quality management system. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILTY: GSK is considered as one of the most active player in the corporate social responsibility. Some of the societal activities conducted by GSK are as follows Partnering with the National Commission for Human Development for Primary Healthcare Extension: GSK Pakistan has provided a grant of  £144,000 sterling (Rs.12.96 million) to the NCHD Primary Healthcare Extension Program making GSK the largest corporate donor to this cause. The purpose of this grant is to contribute at the grass root level towards healthcare improvement of the Pakistani people. The great thing about the primary healthcare extension program is that it will be implemented in the areas generally recognized as difficult to access, hence often neglected due to harsh terrain, high levels of illiteracy and confined social setups. Concern For Children Trust (CFC) The Concern For Children Trust (CFC) is a non profit, non government trust established in 1997. Their mission is to promote the health and welfare of the Children of Pakistan, paying special attention to preventive and primary healthcare, education, infrastructure, maintenance and support and to create general awareness about various child healthcare issues. The Trust is partially self-sustainable in that, its operational costs are covered by a Trust Fund. SmithKlineFrench to SmithKline and French of Pakistan Limited donated the initial seed money and now GSK Pakistan continues to be the major donor. International Programme for HIV Education Positive Action Programme It is estimated that more than 36 million adults and children are living with HIV/AIDS with approximately 15,000 more people being infected each day. Globally, more than 21 million people have died from AIDS, resulting in 13.2 million orphaned children. Positive Action is GSKs international programme of HIV education, care and community support. In this, GSK works in partnership with individuals, community groups, healthcare providers, international agencies and others to encourage HIV prevention as well as education, care and treatment of people living with, or affected by HIV/AIDS. Since its inception in 1992, positive action supported and implemented a wide variety of projects at both national and international levels throughout the world. EARTHQUAKE RELIEF: In this time of need and despair, GSK Pakistan was very quick to respond to the calamity affected areas with Rs. 20 million worth of antibiotics, analgesics and topical anti-bacterial supplies, delivered within 24 hours of the disaster having struck. Carefully selected emergency treatment packages were developed by the Crisis Management Team established, and a donation of up to 350,000 doses of Hepatitis A vaccine was given to health authorities to cope with the arising health concerns in the wake of the earthquake. This was all delivered within 24 hours of the disaster due to the urgent medical need. PROGRAMMES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO ENCOURAGE ACTIVE EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT: GSK encourages employees to become involved with deserving causes in their local communities around the globe.   GSK support their time and dedication with various internal programmes and opportunities to encourage active employee involvement. The PULSE Volunteer Partnership Programme is the newest corporate responsibility initiative. Starting in 2009, PULSE will empower GSKs high-performing employees to volunteer using their professional expertise, lasting for a period of three to six months. A PULSE volunteer will work full-time with one of our partner non-governmental organizations (NGO) to make a significant impact in impoverished communities around the world. With their skills and knowledge, PULSE volunteers will work to build positive, sustainable change within the NGOs programming and service delivery in developed and developing countries ORANGE Day, introduced globally in January 2009, has enabled thousands of employees to make a significant difference through engaging with their local community. Give as You Earn (GAYE), is a payroll giving scheme where an employee or pensioner can donate to any charitable organization in the UK, straight from their pay. APPROACH TOWARD SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: PROACTIVE APPROACH: GSK has a proactive approach towards social responsibility. Managers at GSK actively participate and engage themselves in different social activities which include awareness regarding diseases, PULSE campaign, malaria, AIDS etc. ABOUT GSKs CORPORATE ETHICS AND COMPLIANCE PROGRAMME GSKs Corporate Ethics and Compliance Programme were established by the Board of Directors to support GSKs commitment to high standards of ethical conduct. The programme is under the direction of the Corporate Ethics and Compliance Officer, who reports to the Chief Executive Officer. Through the programme the Corporate Ethics and Compliance staff provides oversight and guidance to ensure compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and company policies, and to foster a positive, ethical work environment for all employees. GSKs Code of Conduct is the foundation for all the company policies. It sets out the fundamental principles that the company values and that employees should apply in their daily work. Supporting the Code of Conduct policy is a range of corporate policies providing specific guidance in areas such as competition law, marketing practices, non-discrimination, share dealing, and conflicts of interest. GSKs employee guide to business conduct highlights the Code of Conduct, core compliance policies and provides guidance to employees. It is the responsibility of each employee to implement the code and follow the employee guide to sustain the trust and confidence of all GSK stakeholders. The six pages of code of conduct document clearly define the Purpose, scope, responsibilities, policies and communication of issues to all GSK employees. The policy covers the following function in GSK. Audit, Compliance, Quality Communications Govt. External Affairs Finance Global Procurement HR IT Legal Manufacturing Supply Marketing, Sales Support Medical Research / Development Supervisors Management Purpose The purpose of this document is to state GSKs Policy on the fundamental standards to be followed by GSK Staff in their everyday actions on behalf of the Company and to promote honest, legal and ethical conduct. Details relating to specific actions will be provided in the GSK Standards of Conduct. Scope This policy applies to all GSK Staff (includes employees, complementary workers, students and interns) world-wide, within all sectors, regions, areas and functions. GSK Staff must ensure this policy is followed by any contractors or other third-parties whom they engage. FORCES FROM SPECIFIC GENERAL ENVIRONMENT: SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT COMPETITORS: GSK faces huge competition in Pakistan. It has many competitors that are affecting the sales if GSK. Competitors include Pfizer Johnson Johnson Bayer Abbott Novartis Competition from generic products generally occurs as patents in major markets expire. We believe that remaining competitive is dependent upon the discovery and development of new products, together with effective marketing of existing products. Within the pharmaceutical industry, the introduction of new products and processes by our competitors may affect pricing or result in changing patterns of product use. There is no assurance that products will not become outmoded, notwithstanding patent or trademark protection. In addition, increased government and other pressures for physicians and patients to use generic pharmaceuticals, rather than brand-name medicines, may increase competition for products that are no longer protected by patent. CUSTOMERS: The main customers of any pharmaceutical are the doctors. The brand name of GSK is so reliable that most of the doctors prefer only the GSKs product. GSK continuously spent money on RD so to satisfy the customers need. SUPPLIERS DISTRIBUTORS: Worldwide GSK buy goods and services from around 90,000 suppliers. Our supply chain is complex: it ranges from strategic relationships with suppliers that manufacture active pharmaceutical ingredients, intermediates, raw materials and packaging for GSK medicines to contracts for goods and services such as office equipment, cleaning and security. The Primary supply sites supply high quality, competitively priced bulk actives and focus on improvements in primary technologies and processes. GSK does not own any of the suppliers or distributors. New product and global supply sites work closely with RDs development teams to ensure that the right technical competencies are in place to support rapid and successful new product GOVERNMENT: As such GSK dont face any issues with the government because they have their code of ethics which GSK strictly follows. GSK also play part in the welfare of society and avoid any of the illegal acts that can affect the GSKs reputation. GENERAL ENVIRONMENT: In general environment technological forces affect the GSK in the sense that new technologies are coming which are resulting in the new methods of producing the products. But GSK due to its huge business easily replace old technology with the new one for making the product in the much better way than the previous methods. FUNCTIONS AND DEPARMENTS AT GSK: The main functions and departments at GSK are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Production à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Engineering à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Environmental health and safety (EHS) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Operational excellence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Supply chain à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Finance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Human resource à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Procurement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Quality assurance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Supply chain CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS CUSTOMER VALUE FASTER LOWER COST BETTER LEAN SIGMA INPUTSCULTURE AT GSK: CULTURE AND VALUES GSKs  mission  is to improve the quality of human life by enabling people to do more, feel better and live longer. GSK place great emphasis not only on what we achieve, but also on how we deliver our achievements. Integrity and transparency are critical in our decision making and underpin everything that we do. GSKs  culture is summed up in the  Spirit of GSK  that defines the  values  we expect all our employees to embrace: Respect for People Patient Focused Transparency Integrity GSKs  values  are pivotal to the way they operate and employees are people with high integrity who make good, honest decisions with patients in mind. GSKs  mission  and  spirit  help employees deal with new challenges and maintain a clear focus. CORE COMPETENCY OF GSK: The core competency of GSK is their consumer health care, consumer health standard their quality standard. These factors give the core The sources of GSK are due to their huge efforts in R D to bring continuous innovations in the products. Our scientists are working hard to discover new ways of treating and preventing diseases. Our success depends on a vibrant and productive RD function. To this end, we have established an innovative RD structure that encourages creativity and facilitates the accelerated discovery and development of new medicines and hence gaining the competitive advantage. We also build collaborations and links with other research groups, biotechnology companies and academic institutions to help develop transformative scientific concepts. SOURCES OF CORE COMPETENCY: Sources of core c

Globalization and Human Trafficking Essay -- Human Trafficking

Trafficking in human beings is now the fastest-growing business of organized crime. Men, women and children are trafficked within their own countries and across international borders. More than one person is smuggled across a border every minute which is the equivalent to ten jumbo jets every single day. And the trade earns twice as much as the Coca Cola brand. (STOP THE TRAFFIK 2014) According to estimates, more than 700,000 people are trafficked every year for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labour. They are transported across borders and sold into modern-day slavery. Over the past decade, trafficking in human beings has reached epidemic proportions. No country is immune. Clawson (2009) discusses how the search for work abroad has been fueled by economic disparity, high unemployment and disruption of traditional livelihoods. It recognizes neither boundaries nor borders. Consequently profits from trafficking feed into the casket of organized crime. Trafficking is fueled by other criminal activities such as document fraud, money laundering and migrant smuggling. Because trafficking cases are expansive in reach, they are among the most important matters. (Clawson 2009) Human Trafficking Trafficking in Persons Report (2007) discusses many different tiers in relation to a counties response to human trafficking. Tier one consists of countries whose government fully comply with the Trafficking Victims Protection Act’s minimum standards, for example Australia, Uk, Germany and Norway. In tier two the countries whose government do not fully comply with TVPA’s minimum standards but making efforts to bring themselves up such as Japan, Romania, Peru and Rwanda. And finally tier three are governments that do not full... ...itner, H., Peck, J. and Sheppard, E.S. (2007) Contesting Neoliberalism Urban Frontiers, New York: Guilford press. Maiska, R., eds. (2007) Gender trafficking and slavery,UK: Oxfam Publishers Mensah, J. (2008) Neoliberalism and Globalization in Africa, UK: Palgrave Macmillan Ruggiero, V. (2000) Crime and Markets: Essays in Anti-Criminology, UK: Oxford University Press. Salt, J. and Stein, J. (1997) ‘Migration as a Business’, The case of Trafficking, 35 (4) 467-494. Shelley, L. (2010) Human Trafficking a Global Perspective, London: Cambridge Printing Press. STOP THE TRAFFIK (2014) What is Human Trafficking? Web 17 May 2015. http://www.stopthetraffik.org/usa U.S. Department of State Publication (2007) Trafficking in Persons Report,11407, United States of America: Office of Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs and bureau of public affairs.

Calvin College Essay

I have a vision of what my college experience will look like. It is a montage of college scenes pulled from books, movies, and my university tours. I see guitar-accompanied picnics and Converse sneakers crunching through leaves on a sidewalk. I see countless chai lattes turning into empty cups during late night essay writing, during which I’m simply adorned in a hoodie and headphones. I see the magic bond that forms between two nervous freshmen roommates as they spontaneously belt out a song in tune with the radio.When I walked through the picturesque Calvin campus, I could truly envision myself in Converse sneakers on my way to conquer an essay with a chai latte and headphones at the ready. I don’t know whether college will look like that or not, but I hope to balance the challenges and rigors of learning, with enthusiasm and a sense of community. I hope that I will have the opportunity to love life, and show love toward others, at Calvin. I am drawn to the intimate ca mpus and dedicated staff at Calvin College because it reminds me of the school in which I grew up.Rudolf Steiner is a small, unique school that has encouraged me to explore, pursue my passions everyday, show responsibility toward my community, and have a familial relationship with my peers. I was encouraged to appreciate music, art, travel, language, and to revel in the triumphs that are possible when a community comes together to share their gifts and talents. It is this creative spirit and sense of loyalty that I hope to bring to Calvin. I want to grow in character as well as in my academics.I want to feel inspired, and to inspire others. Film is my passion and it is my goal to capture enchanting moments, from the purity of a dance silhouetted by a melting sunset, to the quiet elegance of an artist who is surrounded by the bustle of life and yet completely alone with a sketchbook. For me, there are few things more satisfying than being able to portray to my friends the love and be auty that I see in them. I also hope to utilize skills and ideas learned in my Youth Leadership Team experience, and apply them to my Calvin experience.On my church Mission Trip, I was moved by the verse Timothy 4:12 regarding youth and behavior, which is good advice for college students. I am committed to embracing the weightlessness of my youth, while setting a strong and noble example in character. This is what I hope to continue at Calvin. I know that college will be full of challenges and that it may not match my cinematic depiction. I am confident, however, that if I keep my friends close, pursue my passions, and stay in touch with my faith, I will carve out a future that inspires me and touches others in a positive way.

Legal and Regulatory Framework Essay

There are many acts that exist to prevent discrimination, laws that protect age, sex, race, and religion. These acts are there to stop direct discrimination; when someone is treated less favourably than another. The company John Lewis is mostly affected by the Sex Discrimination Act 1975/97; to help stop judgement because of sex. They are affected by this act because of stereotypes; such as technological jobs that are expected to be done by a male, so when the company searches for an applicant they would mainly focus on males, making females have a lower chance of getting the job. This can also be related to an ethical issue, which is to never put the same gender in an interview panel, which is never done so that a person cannot be picked because of their sex. The company deals with this by looking carefully at each candidate, and may also consider leaving out the gender section, to not be stereotypical when choosing the right candidate. The Equal Pay Act 1970 would also affect this company just as it affects any other companies; it would force the company to pay its employees equally, ignoring gender. The company handles this by properly giving each employee their pay without considering gender to be an issue. The National Minimum Wage makes the company pay the minimum amount set by the government to their employees, this act would make the company suffer when it is in a difficult situation and they need money by decreasing the amount needed to pay to employees who are needed in the business. The company would deal to this law by making sure that the budget is enough and to see if they can get rid of an employee if the potential candidate seems better. The Race Relations Act 1992 stops discrimination on race, nationality, ethnic origin or national origin. One example that could happen is not involving a race when advertising the position, which would harm the candidates, and which will lead to harm to the business. The company would deal with this by making sure that no one is missed, and that not a particular race is picked for a job and given more of an advantage than another. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 & 2005 helps make a disable person get treated fairly when being interviewed; this act would affect the business because it they would have to pay equipment for the disabled, such as a wheelchair to help make the employee feel comfortable and not judged. Employment Acts 2002 and 2008, and the Work and Families Act 2006, covers maternity and paternity leave and pay, flexible working hours for carers of adults, as well as improved communication between employers and employees during maternity and paternity leave. This would affect the business because they would need new employees to cover the leave, as well as an extra pay for the new employee and the one leaving. The European Working Time Directive introduces the maximum working week of 48 hours over a certain number of weeks, as well as restriction on the length of nightshifts, rest periods and annual leave. This would affect the business because they won’t be able to employ someone longer to complete the job, which would lead to time loss. The company would deal with this by spreading the time between different employees equally. Ethics is what is expected to be done, and there are many ethics that are expected to be followed by a business when recruiting, one of them is to always ask the same questions in an interview, one simple reason to do this is to be fair to all of the candidates, but the main reason is compare them equally, as well as knowing what is needed to be known from all of them, which would help the business know the right candidate that would help the business. Another thing that a business is expected to do is to not make the interviewees related to the candidates, and the main reason to do that is to never make the results bias, an example of that is a candidate being chosen because he/she is related to the owner of the business. This would increase the chance of other candidates to be chosen who might have potential in the business. One other thing that the business is expected to do is to always make a promotion available, to help increase the motivation of the employees so that the job can be done, and to also helps make all the employees have the same opportunities, which would in return make the number of candidates  increase, making the chance of them having the right employee higher. Firing someone when it needs to be done is also something that the business is expected to do, as it will make the candidates aware that the business deals with a problem when they report them, and it would also be beneficial to the business at it would stop people from causing trouble or stealing form the business.

Controlling Employee Healthcare Benefit Cost at Quality Auto Parts Essays

Controlling Employee Healthcare Benefit Cost at Quality Auto Parts Essays Controlling Employee Healthcare Benefit Cost at Quality Auto Parts Paper Controlling Employee Healthcare Benefit Cost at Quality Auto Parts Paper Abstract Healthcare policies are part of employees’ benefits in almost all companies, organizations, or establishments. One example is the industry of quality auto parts. At 13% of GDP, and is continuously increasing, healthcare cost is affecting many companies. The amount allotted for the employees healthcare policies quite alarming to the profit of companies. So many employers now are looking for ways to control the amount expended to employee healthcare benefits. Controlling Employee Healthcare Benefit Cost at Quality Auto Parts Problem Healthcare expenses are rising and now rival the labor cost and becomes employers’ top business financial concern. The industry of quality auto parts like the one manages by DeCarlo is one example of the many companies experiencing this problem of high cost of healthcare benefits for their employees. Profit of the company is greatly affected as well as the pricing of their products .and services. These made DeCarlo and the management searched for ways to minimize the company’s expenses, specifically the one allotted for the healthcare benefits. They look for effective means to solve these out-of-control healthcare costs. Present study shows that premium for employer-sponsored health coverage is rising at a rate of 7% to 8% a year according to a survey conducted recently. If these problems will not be solved and left unchecked it will endanger many companies. Causes of the Problem Probable causes of this growing problem are identified: due to federal legislation, increasing utilization of health services, skyrocketing malpractice rates, large catastrophic-illness claims, increase use of mental health and substance abuse services, increased used of medical service, high-technology medicines, cost shifting from government programs (Medicare and Medicaid) to private insurance, high physician fees, the AIDS crisis, the demographics of employees in the auto industry (higher percentage of older employees, and recent premium price increases. Actions Taken A meeting with healthcare providers, insurers, and employers are important to address the problem and discuss possible solutions to answer the problem. The company should learn to balance and track their expenses. A more comprehensive plan should be under careful study. Conclusion and Recommendations Healthcare benefits are in fact necessary and good for employees. But if it will continue to increase; company funds and resources will be of trouble and will be affected as well. There are various solutions available which can help the organization. Companies can control their benefit expenses by understanding their health insurance costs and their employee’s health priorities more accurately. Promoting health and wellness will keep the employees more physically fit. Managing relationship with the healthcare provider is also important because both groups can help one another in achieving their specific goals. Instituting wellness programs and adopting consumer driven healthcare are some of the ways to aid this dilemma. Conducting orientation of proper health maintenance is also applicable. A healthy, clean workplace must also be observed so sickness could be prevented. Employees must also apply proper healthcare practices to their homes and families so that they will not get sick, too. Companies and their employees as well as the healthcare providers must be willing to find solutions to this problem before they become worst, thus affecting the financial status of companies and the employees. Reference â€Å"Research Reports: Guide to Healthcare Cost Control: Employer Strategies, Tactics, Benchmarks.† (2005). ioma: Business Intelligence at Work. Retrieved July 24, 2008, from ioma.com/issues/downloads/pdfs_noreg/HCCostsGuide08_TOC.pdf

E-Commerce Payment Methods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

E-Commerce Payment Methods - Research Paper Example Continuous studies reveal that offering alternative methods of paying increase sales because of the fact that, the several options of payment offered by an electronic store increases the likelihood for customers to find a mode that suits them best when making a purchase online. This paper will take a research that expounds on electronic commerce payment methods and their affluence on today’s world. Bill Me Later Different people have different views regarding some methods of settling debts. Likely, as a shopper, you have used several of the most popular methods of payment . However, when it comes to setting up a Web shop, exactly what does storekeeper require in order providing a choice of modes of payments to his customers? This research outlines the steps needed to take to incorporate three popular alternative methods of payment, which include Bill Me Later, Google Checkout, and Pay Pal in to a business . To begin with, Bill Me Later is an optional form of payment the, with reference to the vice president of Bill Me Later, marketing department Vince Talbert, this instrument has more than 3 million users within 700 sites and 300 call centers worldwide. During the interview, Vince Talbert said, this company offers its clients a lower cost compared to credit cards and as surprising as it may sound, it assumes the hazards of fraud for both the merchants and consumers thus guaranteeing payment for merchants3. Further findings reveal that, Bill Me Later requires a merchant account whereby, a bank extends a credit line to a business so that the business can accept payment by major credit card. In so doing, if an online merchant finds it necessary to incorporate this method into his site, Vince Talbert said the process is a straightforward one. When a willing client contacts Bill Me Later, the company representative leads him through the task required to fold the requisite data into the existing merchant account. After, to get it up and running on a site, the process is two fold. On one end, there is basic HTML work and on the other, the client needs to fill some merchant processor database work. This research revealed that, this company provides sample code together with promotional messaging and a check out screen that electronic businesses can use while at their sites. The designers the response of Bill Me Later designed it to work just like a response of an authorization card making it easy for merchants to store it in their systems. Bill Me Later is advantageous over its competitors because, according to Vince, Bill Me Later is just as simple as a Master card or Visa card transaction on both the front and back end. Consumers provide a small amount of identification data; mainly their date of birth and the last four digits of their Social Security number and authorization process take place within three seconds. This mode of payment has no complications as it only requires merchants to keep their code of response in their ordering or fulfillment management system in order for them to be able to generate settlement requests the same way they do in the case of processing a credit card4. Google Check out With Google Checkout, merchants are able to charge the credit cards of their customers and do order tracking via the fulfillment process as well as receive payments of orders in bank account. This research carried a critical evaluation whereby it foun d out that, unlike Bill Me later, Google Checkout does not require someone to have a merchant bank account.

A marketing plan to regenerate the area around Aberdeen Beach Essay

A marketing plan to regenerate the area around Aberdeen Beach - Essay Example Internal marketing audit, external marketing audit, competitor analysis as well as marketing review of the beach has been done in order to make the area attractive for the locals as well as visitors. Mission Statement The purpose of the tourist beach will be to provide an everlasting experience for the visitors of the beach by exposing them with clean and calm environment, latest adventure sports and activities, leisure areas, top class restaurants and nice places to hangout. The beach will be serving all demographic categories starting from kids, teenagers, youngsters as well as adults, professionals, middle aged and senior citizens. There will not be any gender bias and equal opportunities will be provided to men and women in terms of activities and events (Nimwegen, et al., 2008). The beach will be established keeping in mind the environment and local surroundings. The beach will also use latest technologies to keep the pollution and wastages at bay and will make sure that least a mount of wastes are dispersed in the surroundings (Fuchs and Diamantopoulos, 2010). Corporate objective The major corporate objectives of the beach authorities are as follows; 1. Tighten the security of the beach and its surrounding areas so that the trust of visitors and tourists on the beach safety is re-established. 2. Re-position the beach and its surrounding areas as a favourite destination for serene and pollution free holiday. 3. Increasing profitability and return on investment of the marketing and advertising strategies by ensuring proper monitoring and strategic implementation. 4. The corporate vision for the beach will be to provide their customers with the best holiday destination experience from beginning to end, with attractive environmental sites and engaging activities. Internal marketing audit Current situation At present, Aberdeen beach is going through a difficult situation. There has been a decline in number of visitors, especially the locals. Off late, the beach authorities have been criticised for growing unhealthy environment. The area surrounding the beach is not cleaned properly, leading to a garbage land. This has accelerated the growth of mosquitoes and other flies in the corners of the beach. Also, people have started complaining about the pungent smells because of the growing wastes. Another blow to the safety of the beach was done when a dead body was found inside the beach complex. The flow of visitors reduced drastically after the incident. Usage and facilities Currently, the beach is primarily used for walking, surfing and windsurfing. The beach is actually an array of many attached beaches, each having specific qualities and attractions. Thus, while few beaches are mostly used for walking and sigh-seeing, others famous for their high tides and surfing. The beach also has a popular amusement area. Apart from this, the beach is also surrounded by restaurants, cinemas, condones and parks. The Aberdeen beach is actually a part of the Queens Link which is famous for various other attractions such as amusement park, cinemas, restaurants, shopping centres and more. External analysis In order to do a macro and micro environmental analysis a PESTLE analysis of the Scotland tourism is done here. Political Scotland falls in the category of developed economies. Political situation is stable in Scotland. The major

History of the Trumpet Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

History of the Trumpet - Thesis Example The trumpet is often referred to in two different time frames, one before the 1700s and one after this time frame. Before the 1700s, the trumpet used natural tuning. Instead of having keys or ways to move between notes, all of the sounds were made with the embouchure of the player. The trumpet was limited to specific tones and sounds, most which were based on an interval of two to three spaces, specifically which coincided with the harmonic series used by the trumpet. The size of the instrument as well as the placement of the brass would change which tones were heard and which could be altered with the trumpet. The other tones which were used came as passing notes and occurred only when the trumpet player could slide between notes (Brownlow, 1996). The tuning of the trumpet and the natural sound which it carried caused the trumpet to hold a specific place in society. It was used mostly for solo concepts. The louder sound which was provided from the shape of the trumpet as well as the materials used created one aspect of using it for solo purposes. The natural tuning, which often didn’t match with other types of tuning, also presented problems if playing with other instruments. These two considerations led to the instrument being used with solo pieces. It was considered a way to make announcements among royalty and others in society. It was also referenced in Biblical and church components, such as when the trumpet would sound from the angels. This showed the instrument as a way to make announcements.... Before the 1700s, the trumpet used natural tuning. Instead of having keys or ways to move between notes, all of the sounds were made with the embouchure of the player. The trumpet was limited to specific tones and sounds, most which were based on an interval of two to three spaces, specifically which coincided with the harmonic series used by the trumpet. The size of the instrument as well as the placement of the brass would change which tones were heard and which could be altered with the trumpet. The other tones which were used came as passing notes and occurred only when the trumpet player could slide between notes (Brownlow, 1996). The tuning of the trumpet and the natural sound which it carried caused the trumpet to hold a specific place in society. It was used mostly for solo concepts. The louder sound which was provided from the shape of the trumpet as well as the materials used created one aspect of using it for solo purposes. The natural tuning, which often didn’t mat ch with other types of tuning, also presented problems if playing with other instruments. These two considerations led to the instrument being used with solo pieces. It was considered a way to make announcements among royalty and others in society. It was also referenced in Biblical and church components, such as when the trumpet would sound from the angels. This showed the instrument as a way to make announcements, to grab attention and to work as a way to add melody into a situation where no other music was heard (Noble, 2004). It wasn’t until the 1700s that composers involved in music began to change the arrangements and basic approaches to music. During this time, the composers became interested in the Well – Tempered tuning. This used a chromatic